Logical Reasoning
Dear readers,
I like to share you following logical reasoning questions 4 yrs CSAT preparation. I took great care while typing, if u find any error pls comment it 2 improve content.
STATEMENTS AND ARGUMENTS
:: Each question given below consists of a statement, followed by two arguments numbered 1 and 2. You have to decide which of the arguments is a 'strong' argument and which is a 'weak' argument. Your answers should be as follows:
A. Only argument I is strong
B. Only argument II is strong
C. Either I or II is strong
D. Neither I nor II is strong
E. Both I and II are strong
1. Statement: Should India encourage exports, when most things are insufficient for internal use itself?
Arguments:
1. Yes. We have to earn foreign exchange to pay for our imports.
2. No. Even selective encouragement would lead to shortages.
Answer: Option A
Explanation: Clearly, India can export only the surplus and that which can be saved after fulfilling its own needs, to pay for its imports. Encouragement to export cannot lead to shortages as it shall provide the resources for imports. So, only argument I holds.
2. Statement: Should all the drugs patented and manufactured in Western countries be first tried out on sample basis before giving licence for sale to general public in India?
Arguments:
1. Yes. Many such drugs require different doses and duration for Indian population and hence it is necessary.
2. No. This is just not feasible and hence cannot be implemented.
Answer: Option A
Explanation: Clearly, health of the citizens is an issue of major concern for the Government. So, a product like drugs, must be first studied and tested in the Indian context before giving license for its sale. So, only argument I holds strong.
3. Statement: Should India make efforts to harness solar energy to fulfill its energy requirements?
Arguments:
1. Yes, Most of the energy sources used at present is exhaustible.
2. No. Harnessing solar energy requires a lot of capital, which India lacks in.
Answer: Option A
Explanation: Clearly, harnessing solar energy will be helpful as it is an inexhaustible resource unlike other resources. So, argument I holds. But argument II is vague as solar energy is the cheapest form of energy.
4. Statement: Should there be students union in college/university?
Arguments:
1. No. This will create a political atmosphere in the campus.
2. Yes, it is very necessary Students are future political leaders.
Answer: Option E
Explanation: The student’s union formation shall be a step towards giving to students the basic education in the field of politics. However, it shall create the same political atmosphere in the campus. Thus, both the arguments hold strong.
5. Statement: Should India give away Kashmir to Pakistan?
Arguments:
1. No. Kashmir is a beautiful state. It earns a lot of foreign exchange for India.
2. Yes. This would help settle conflicts.
Answer: Option A
Explanation: Clearly, India cannot part with a state that is a major foreign exchange earner to it. So, argument I holds strong. Further, giving away a piece of land unconditionally and unreasonably is no solution to settle disputes. So, argument II is vague.
6. Statement: Should cottage industries be encouraged in rural areas?
Arguments:
1. Yes. Rural people are creative.
2. Yes. This would help to solve the problem of unemployment to some extent.
Answer: Option B
Explanation: Clearly, cottage industries need to be promoted to create more job opportunities for rural people in the villages themselves. The reason that rural people are creative is vague. So, only argument II holds.
7. Statement: Should young entrepreneurs be encouraged?
Arguments:
1. Yes. They will help in industrial development of the country.
2. Yes. They will reduce the burden on employment market.
Answer: Option E
Explanation: Clearly, encouraging the young entrepreneurs will open up the field for the establishment of new industries. Thus, it shall help in industrial development and not only employ the entrepreneurs but create more job opportunities for others as well. So, both the arguments hold strong.
8. Statement: Should all the annual examinations up to Std. V be abolished?
Arguments:
1. Yes. The young students should not be burdened with such examinations which hampers their natural growth.
2. No. The students will not study seriously as they will get automatic promotion to the next class and this will affect them in future.
Answer: Option E
Explanation: Clearly, neither the students can be burdened with studies at such a tender age, nor can they be left free to take studies casually, as this shall weaken their basic foundation. So, both the arguments follow.
9. Statement: Should Indian scientists working abroad be called back to India?
Arguments:
1. Yes. They must serve the motherland first and forget about discoveries, honours, facilities and all.
2. No. We have enough talent; let them stay where they want.
Answer: Option D
Explanation: Clearly, every person must be free to work wherever he wants and no compulsion should be made to confine one to one's own country. So, argument I is vague. However, talented scientists can be of great benefit to the nation and some alternatives as special incentives or better prospects may be made available to them to retain them within their motherland. So, argument II also does not hold.
10. Statement: Should we scrap the system of formal education beyond graduation?
Arguments:
1. Yes. It will mean taking employment at an early date.
2. No. It will mean lack of depth of knowledge.
Answer: Option B
Explanation: Clearly, argument I is vague because at present too, many fields are open to all after graduation. However, eliminating the post-graduate courses would abolish higher and specialized studies which lead to understanding things better and deeply. So, argument II is valid.
11. Statement: Should there be an upper age limit of 65 years for contesting Parliamentary/ Legislative Assembly elections?
Arguments:
1. Yes. Generally, people above the age of 65 lose their dynamism and will power.
2. No. The life span is so increased that people remain physically and mentally active even up to the age of 80.
Answer: Option D
Explanation: The age of a person is no criterion for judging his mental capabilities and administrative qualities. So, none of the arguments holds strong.
12. Statement: Should new big industries be started in Mumbai?
Arguments:
1. Yes. It will create job opportunities.
2. No. It will further add to the pollution of the city.
Answer: Option C
Explanation: Opening up of new industries is advantageous in opening more employment avenues, and disadvantageous in that it adds to the pollution. So, either of the arguments holds strong.
13. Statement: Should high chimneys be installed in industries?
Arguments:
1. Yes. It reduces pollution at ground level.
2. No. It increases pollution in upper atmosphere.
Answer: Option A
Explanation: Pollution at ground level is the most hazardous in the way of being injurious to human and animal life. So, argument I alone holds.
14. Statement: Does India need so many plans for development?
Arguments:
1. Yes. Nothing can be achieved without proper planning.
2. No. Too much time, money and energy is wasted on planning.
Answer: Option A
Explanation: Before indulging in new development programme it is much necessary to plan the exact target, policies and their implementation and the allocation of funds which shows the right direction to work. So, argument I holds strong. Also, planning ensures full utilization of available resources and funds and stepwise approach towards the target. So, spending a part of money on it is no wastage. Thus, argument II is not valid.
15. Statement: Should articles of only deserving authors be allowed to be published?
Arguments:
1. Yes. It will save a lot of paper which is in short supply.
2. No. It is not possible to draw a line between the deserving and the undeserving.
Answer: Option B
Explanation: Clearly, I does not provide a strong reason in support of the statement. Also, it is not possible to analyze the really deserving and not deserving. So/argument II holds strong.
16. Statement: Should colleges be given the status of a university in India?
Arguments:
1. Yes. Colleges are in a better position to assess the student's performance and therefore the degrees will be more valid.
2. No. It is Utopian to think that there will not be nepotism and corruption in awarding degrees by colleges.
Answer: Option D
Explanation: Clearly, at the college level, all the students are assessed according to their performance in the University Exams and not on the basis of any criteria of more intimate dealings with the students. So, argument I is vague. Also, at this level the awarding of degrees is impartial and simply based on his performance. So, argument II also does not hold.
17. Statement: Should the prestigious people who have committed crime unknowingly, be met with special treatment?
Arguments:
1. Yes. The prestigious people do not commit crime intentionally.
2. No. It is our policy that everybody is equal before the law.
Answer: Option B
Explanation: The Constitution of India has laid down the doctrine of 'equality before the law'. So, argument II holds strong. Also, we cannot judge the intentions of a person behind committing a crime, So, argument I is vague.
18. Statement: Can pollution be controlled?
Arguments:
1. Yes. If everyone realizes the hazards it may create and cooperates to get rid of it, pollution may be controlled.
2. No. The crowded highways, factories and industries and an ever-growing population eager to acquire more and more land for constructing houses are beyond control.
Answer: Option C
Explanation: The control of pollution, on one hand, seems to be impossible because of the ever-growing needs and the dis-concern of the people but, on the other hand, the control is possible by a joint effort. So, either of the arguments will hold strong.
19. Statement: Should the railways in India be privatized in a phased manner like other public sector enterprises?
Arguments:
1. Yes. This is the only way to bring in competitiveness and provide better services to the public.
2. No. This will pose a threat to the national security of our country as multinationals will enter into the fray.
Answer: Option D
Explanation: Privatization would no doubt lead to better services. But saying that this is the 'only way' is wrong. So, argument I does not hold. Argument II also seems to be vague.
20. Statement: Should internal assessment in colleges be abolished?
Arguments:
1. Yes. This will help in reducing the possibility of favouritism.
2. No, teaching faculty will lose control over students.
Answer: Option A
Explanation: Abolishing the internal assessment would surely reduce favouritism on personal grounds because the teachers would not be involved in examination system so that they cannot extend personal benefits to anyone. So, argument I holds strong. But it will not affect the control of teaching faculty on students because still the teachers would be teaching them. So, argument II is vague.
21. Statement: Should all the unauthorized structures in the city be demolished?
Arguments:
1. No. Where will the people residing in such houses live?
2. Yes. This will give a clear message to general public and they will refrain from constructing unauthorized buildings.
Answer: Option B
Explanation: The demolition of unauthorized buildings would teach a lesson to the unscrupulous builders and also serve as a warning for the citizens not to indulge in such activities in the future. This is essential, as unauthorized constructions impose undue burden on the city's infrastructure. So, only argument II holds strong.
22. Statement: Should there be a maximum limit for the number of ministers in the Central Government?
Arguments:
1. No. The political party in power should have the freedom to decide the number of ministers to be appointed.
2. Yes. The number of ministers should be restricted to a certain percentage of the total number of seats in the parliament to avoid unnecessary expenditure.
Answer: Option B
Explanation: Clearly, there should be some norms regarding the number of ministers in the Government, as more number of ministers would unnecessarily add to the Government expenditure. So, argument II holds strong; Also, giving liberty to the party in power could promote extension of unreasonable favour to some people at the cost of government funds. So, argument I does not hold.
23. Statement: Should foreign films be banned in India?
Arguments:
1. Yes. They depict an alien culture which adversely affects our values.
2. No. Foreign films are of a high artistic standard.
Answer: Option D
Explanation: Clearly, foreign films depict the alien culture but this only helps in learning more. So, argument I does not hold. Also, the reason stated in argument II is not strong enough in contradicting the ban. So, it also does not hold.
24. Statement: Is buying things on installments profitable to the customer?
Arguments:
1. Yes. He has to pay less.
2. No, paying installments upsets the family budget.
Answer: Option D
Explanation: In buying things on installments, a customer has to pay more as the interest is also included. So, argument I does not hold. Moreover, one who buys an item on installments maintains his future budget accordingly as he is well acquainted with when and how much he has to pay, beforehand. So, argument II is also not valid.
25. Statement: Should Doordarshan be given autonomous status?
Arguments:
1. Yes. It will help Doordarshan to have fair and impartial coverage of all important events.
2. No. The coverage of events will be decided by a few who may not have healthy outlook.
Answer: Option A
Explanation: Clearly, the autonomous status of the Doordarshan will be a step towards giving it independence for an impartial coverage. Autonomous status does not mean that the coverage will be decided by a few. So, only argument I holds.